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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

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ThyroidEx: Development and Preliminary Validation of a Thyroid Surgery Expectations Measure.

Snehal G Patel1, Thomas M Atkinson2, R Michael Tuttle3

  • 1Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|December 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed and validated ThyroidEx, a new patient-reported outcome instrument for thyroid cancer surgery expectations. This tool revealed discrepancies between patient and clinician perceptions, potentially improving surgical consultations.

Keywords:
expectationshealth-related quality of lifepatient-reported outcomesquality improvementthyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Patient-Reported Outcomes
  • Surgical Research

Background:

  • Patient expectations are crucial in thyroid cancer surgery outcomes but lack validated measurement tools.
  • Existing instruments do not adequately capture patient-specific expectations and concerns pre- and post-operatively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and initially validate ThyroidEx, a novel disease-specific patient-reported outcome instrument.
  • To quantify patient expectations and concerns related to thyroid cancer surgery.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach involving expert panel review and semistructured interviews with thyroid cancer patients.
  • Concept elicitation interviews (n=15) and cognitive interviews (n=48) were conducted pre- and post-surgery.
  • The draft instrument was administered to a separate cohort (n=67) for psychometric validation.

Main Results:

  • 358 patient-elicited concepts were identified, leading to 18 items across 2 scales (Expectations and Concerns) in ThyroidEx.
  • Internal consistency (Cronbach's α) ranged from 0.81 to 0.89 in the validation cohort.
  • Significant differences were found between patient-reported concerns/expectations and clinicians' perceptions.

Conclusions:

  • ThyroidEx is a promising, disease-specific instrument for measuring patient expectations in thyroid cancer surgery.
  • Preliminary validation highlights incongruent expectations between patients and expert opinion.
  • ThyroidEx has the potential to enhance preoperative consultations and the informed consent process.