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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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A sample refers to a smaller subset representative of a larger population. In analytical chemistry, studying or analyzing an entire population is often impractical or impossible. Therefore, samples are used to draw inferences and generalize the whole population. The sampling method selects individuals or items from a population to create a sample. Standard sampling methods include random, judgemental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling. 
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Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
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Breath Analysis: Comparison among Methodological Approaches for Breath Sampling.

Alessia Di Gilio1,2, Jolanda Palmisani1,2, Gianrocco Ventrella1,2

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.

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|December 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Breath analysis shows promise for early disease diagnosis, but standardized sampling is needed. New devices like Mistral and ReCIVA offer improvements over traditional bags, with alveolar breath collection showing fewer ambient air contaminants.

Keywords:
MistralReCIVAbreath analysisbreath samplingbreath sampling devicesend-tidal breathstandardization

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Breath analysis holds potential for early disease diagnosis but lacks standardized sampling methods, hindering clinical adoption.
  • Current methods often use polymeric bags, but newer devices like Mistral and ReCIVA concentrate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) onto sorbent tubes.
  • Variability in breath collection (whole vs. alveolar) and potential pulmonary washout effects complicate VOC profiling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of new automated breath sampling devices (Mistral, ReCIVA) against traditional polymeric bags (Tedlar bags).
  • To investigate differences in VOC profiles based on whole vs. alveolar breath collection.
  • To assess the impact of pulmonary washout with clean air on breath analysis results.

Main Methods:

  • A tailored experimental design compared three breath sampling methods: Tedlar bags (whole breath), Mistral (end-tidal/alveolar breath), and ReCIVA (simultaneous whole and alveolar breath).
  • Analysis focused on VOC profiles and the influence of ambient air contaminants.
  • Exploratory analysis included a lung cancer (LC) breath sample and assessed clean air supply effects.

Main Results:

  • Alveolar breath fractions collected by Mistral and ReCIVA were less affected by ambient air contaminants compared to whole breath samples.
  • Mistral provided coherent results compared to Tedlar bags; ReCIVA yielded lower VOC levels, potentially due to flow rate issues.
  • Clean air supply during pulmonary washout may introduce confounding factors in breath analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Automated devices like Mistral and ReCIVA show potential for more reliable breath sampling, particularly for alveolar breath.
  • Standardization of breath sampling techniques, including consideration of ambient air and washout effects, is crucial for clinical application.
  • Further research is needed to optimize these devices and validate their use in diagnosing pathologies like lung cancer.