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Programming of Cardiovascular Dysfunction by Postnatal Overfeeding in Rodents.

Marie Josse1, Eve Rigal1, Nathalie Rosenblatt-Velin2

  • 1Research Team of Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie Cérébro-Cardiovasculaires (PEC2, EA 7460), Faculté des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne-Franche Comté, 21000 Dijon, France.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) in rodents permanently increases body weight and impairs cardiovascular function, leading to metabolic and cardiac abnormalities. However, caloric restriction and exercise show potential for therapeutic correction.

Keywords:
arteriescardiovascular dysfunctionheartischemiaperinatal programmingpostnatal overfeedingrodents

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Perinatal nutrition significantly impacts adult health and disease.
  • Litter size reduction in rodents models postnatal overnutrition (PNOF), affecting long-term health.
  • PNOF is linked to obesity, metabolic dysfunction, and cardiovascular alterations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term cardiovascular and metabolic consequences of postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) in a rodent model.
  • To explore the molecular and functional cardiac changes induced by PNOF.
  • To assess the potential for interventions like caloric restriction and exercise.

Main Methods:

  • Rodent model of postnatal overfeeding (litter size reduction).
  • Assessment of body weight, adiposity, plasma biomarkers (insulin, leptin, lipids).
  • Cardiovascular function tests (blood pressure, vascular responsiveness, cardiac function).
  • Cardiac tissue analysis (hypertrophy, collagen, mitochondrial respiration, gene expression, epigenetics).

Main Results:

  • PNOF led to sustained increased body weight and adiposity.
  • Metabolic alterations included hyperinsulinemia, leptin resistance, and dyslipidemia.
  • Cardiovascular effects comprised elevated blood pressure, altered vascular reactivity, cardiac hypertrophy, and impaired mitochondrial function.
  • PNOF induced gene expression changes, epigenetic modifications, and reduced ventricular contractility, increasing susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Conclusions:

  • Postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) causes persistent metabolic and cardiovascular dysfunction in rodents.
  • Early nutritional programming has profound, long-lasting effects on cardiac health.
  • Caloric restriction and physical exercise may offer therapeutic strategies to mitigate PNOF-induced damage.