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Validity of Consumer Activity Monitors and an Algorithm Using Smartphone Data for Measuring Steps during Different

Verena Hartung1, Mustafa Sarshar2, Viktoria Karle3

  • 1Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Consumer activity monitors and smartphones show potential for tracking physical activity. Smartphones, particularly when hip-worn, demonstrated accuracy comparable to research devices, though inaccuracies exist during certain movements.

Keywords:
accelerometeraccuracyactivities of daily livingactivity trackerssmartphonevalidation studywalking

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics and Exercise Science
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Wearable Technology Validation

Background:

  • Consumer activity monitors and smartphones are increasingly used for physical activity assessment.
  • Accurate measurement of physical activity is crucial for health promotion and research.
  • Concurrent validity of various consumer devices for step counting needs rigorous evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the concurrent validity of consumer activity monitors and smartphones for measuring steps.
  • To compare the accuracy of different device types (wrist, hip, ankle) and placements (hip, calf).
  • To assess device performance across varied physical activities, including walking and daily living tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen healthy adults participated in three activity protocols: overground walking, activities of daily living (ADLs), and intermittent walking.
  • Participants wore 11 activity monitors (8 wrist, 2 hip, 1 ankle) and 4 smartphones (3 hip, 1 calf).
  • Observed steps were the criterion measure; Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) quantified device accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Mean Average Percentage Errors varied significantly across protocols and devices, ranging from 0.3% to 861.2%.
  • Wrist-worn monitors inaccurately classified arm movements as steps during ADLs.
  • Hip-worn smartphones, using specific algorithms, showed accuracy equal to or better than research-grade ActiGraph devices.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphones show significant potential for accurate physical activity measurement, especially when worn on the hip.
  • Inaccuracies in step counting during intermittent walking and arm movements necessitate careful consideration when selecting devices.
  • Further research should focus on refining algorithms to improve accuracy across diverse activities and device types.