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Oculotoxicities of systemically administered drugs
P B Koneru1, E J Lien, R T Koda
1University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles.
Journal of Ocular Pharmacology
|January 1, 1986
Summary
Systemic drugs can cause ocular toxicity, ranging from mild discomfort to vision loss. This review explores drug pathways into the eye and factors like melanin binding and genetics contributing to these adverse drug reactions.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmacology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Systemic drug administration is linked to various ocular toxicities.
- These toxicities can lead to significant visual impairment, including permanent vision loss.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current literature on drug-induced ocular toxicities.
- To identify probable factors contributing to the development of these toxicities.
- To examine drug entry/exit pathways and the role of intraocular structures.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of reported oculotoxic responses to systemic drugs.
- Analysis of drug pharmacokinetics and ocular penetration.
- Examination of intraocular tissue interactions and toxicological mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Multiple systemic drugs have been associated with ocular adverse events.
- Factors such as melanin binding, genetic variations, photosensitivity, and environmental pollution are implicated.
- Specific intraocular structures play a role in mediating drug toxicity.
Conclusions:
- Understanding drug entry/exit pathways is crucial for predicting ocular toxicity.
- Melanin binding, genetic factors, and environmental influences contribute to drug-induced eye damage.
- Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and develop preventative strategies for ocular drug toxicities.