Risk factors for falling for people with Multiple Sclerosis identified in a prospective cohort study

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Rehabilitation Medicine
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Falls are a significant concern for individuals with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), impacting their quality of life and independence.
• Identifying predictors of falls is crucial for developing targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify risk factors for falling in people diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
• To develop a predictive model for fall risk in this population.

Main Methods:

• A prospective cohort study was conducted with 100 participants with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale 3-6.5).
• Data collected included demographics, neurological assessments (Timed Up and Go, Symbol Digit Modalities test), and self-reported symptoms.
• Falls were prospectively recorded over three months using diaries.

Main Results:

• A high rate of falls was observed, with 56 fallers reporting 791 falls over three months.
• Multivariable regression identified a predictive model including fall history, absence of visual problems, bladder control issues, and slower Timed Up and Go speed.
• The model demonstrated good discriminative ability (AUC=0.72).

Conclusions:

• The study confirms a high incidence of falls in individuals with MS.
• A practical risk prediction model incorporating fall history, bladder control, visual status, and mobility (Timed Up and Go) can identify those at higher risk.
• This model can guide the implementation of tailored falls prevention strategies for people with MS.