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Cognitive, Motor, and Language Development of Preschool Children With Craniofacial Microsomia

Brent R Collett1, Erin R Wallace2, Kathleen A Kapp-Simon3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|December 16, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Preschoolers with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) show similar cognitive and motor development as peers. However, language development may lag, indicating a need for early language monitoring and intervention in children with CFM.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurodevelopment
  • Craniofacial Anomalies
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Craniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a congenital condition affecting facial development.
  • Neurodevelopmental outcomes in preschool-aged children with CFM require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare neurodevelopmental outcomes, specifically cognitive, motor, and language skills, in preschool-aged children with CFM versus unaffected peers.
  • To identify potential developmental delays associated with CFM in early childhood.

Main Methods:

  • A multisite, longitudinal cohort study included 92 children with CFM and 76 controls.
  • Cognitive and motor skills were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, third edition (Bayley-III).
  • Language function was evaluated using subtests from the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals-Preschool, second edition (CELF-P2).

Main Results:

  • Cognitive and motor scores were comparable between children with CFM and controls (Bayley-III: ES = -0.06 to -0.19).
  • Children with CFM demonstrated lower scores in language function compared to controls (CELF-P2: ES = -0.58 to -0.20).
  • While developmental delay was more frequent in CFM cases (39% vs. 15%), this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Preschool-aged children with CFM exhibit similar cognitive and motor development but present with language deficits compared to their peers.
  • Language assessment and early intervention are recommended for preschoolers diagnosed with CFM, particularly those with microtia or other facial features.
  • These findings highlight the importance of targeted developmental surveillance in children with craniofacial anomalies.
Abstract

Keywords:
craniofacialfacial phenotypemicrotianeurocognitive

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