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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting01:45

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

3.0K
Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...
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Nuclear Protein Sorting01:34

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Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Nuclear Export01:42

Nuclear Export

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
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Validation of a Mouse Model to Disrupt LINC Complexes in a Cell-specific Manner
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Nuclear pore complexes in development and tissue homeostasis.

Valeria Guglielmi1,2, Stephen Sakuma, Maximiliano A D'Angelo3,2

  • 1Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|December 16, 2020
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Summary

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate molecule transport and have vital, transport-independent roles. This review highlights NPC components

Keywords:
DifferentiationEmbryogenesisNuclear pore complexNucleocytoplasmic transportTissue homeostasis

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) form channels across the nuclear envelope, controlling nucleocytoplasmic transport.
  • Beyond transport, NPC components exhibit diverse, transport-independent functions.
  • Emerging research links NPC components to critical processes like embryogenesis and cell differentiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the dynamic nature of NPCs.
  • To highlight the diverse cell type-specific functions of NPC components during development and tissue homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on nuclear pore complexes.
  • Synthesis of findings on NPC component functions beyond nucleocytoplasmic transport.

Main Results:

  • NPCs are dynamic structures with multifaceted roles.
  • NPC components are involved in embryogenesis, cell differentiation, and tissue-specific processes.
  • Transport-independent functions of NPCs are crucial for development and homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • NPCs play critical roles in development and tissue homeostasis through both transport-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
  • Understanding the diverse functions of NPCs is essential for comprehending cell type-specific processes.