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Nanoparticle Surface Functionalization: How to Improve Biocompatibility and Cellular Internalization.

Gennaro Sanità1, Barbara Carrese1, Annalisa Lamberti1

  • 1Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|December 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surface modification of nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance their biocompatibility and cellular uptake for improved diagnosis and cancer treatment. This review highlights recent studies and assessment techniques for these nanoplatforms.

Keywords:
biocompatibilityfunctionalizationnanoparticlestoxicityuptake

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles (NPs) show promise in disease diagnosis and treatment, particularly for cancer.
  • Clinical application of NPs is hindered by cytotoxic effects and limited cellular uptake efficiency.
  • Physico-chemical properties (surface composition, charge, size, shape) critically influence NP biocompatibility and uptake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in enhancing nanoparticle biocompatibility and uptake through surface modification.
  • To summarize key techniques used for assessing nanoparticle biocompatibility and uptake efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on nanoparticle surface functionalization.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating improved biocompatibility and cellular uptake post-modification.
  • Compilation of commonly employed methods for evaluating NP biocompatibility and uptake.

Main Results:

  • Surface modification strategies significantly improve NP biocompatibility and cellular uptake.
  • Tailoring physico-chemical properties via functionalization is key to optimizing NP performance.
  • Various techniques exist to quantitatively and qualitatively assess NP-cell interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Surface engineering of nanoparticles is a viable strategy to overcome limitations in clinical applications.
  • Optimized NP properties through surface modification can lead to more effective diagnostic and therapeutic nanoplatforms.
  • Standardized assessment methods are crucial for evaluating the efficacy and safety of modified NPs.