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Cross-Sectional Survey of Childhood Acetabular Development in Japan
Yuta Tsukagoshi1, Makoto Kamegaya2, Hiroshi Kamada3
1Department of Pediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Ibaraki Children's Hospital (Tsukuba Pediatric Orthopaedic Group), Mito, Japan.
Insights
This study reveals decreased acetabular development in Japanese girls, with hip dysplasia indicators suggesting potential long-term risks. These findings are crucial for early detection and management of hip conditions in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Background:
- Childhood acetabular development is crucial for hip joint health.
- Understanding hip dysplasia incidence in Japan is important for public health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To clarify normal childhood acetabular development.
- To determine the incidence of hip dysplasia in Japanese children using contralateral hip radiographs.
Main Methods:
- Radiological cross-sectional evaluation of 211 children (3-9 years old).
- Exclusion of patients with bilateral hip pain or diagnosed acetabular dysplasia.
- Measurement of acetabular index (AI), center-edge angle (CEA), and acetabular head index (AHI) on plain radiographs.
Main Results:
- Significant correlation between age and CEA in boys; other parameters showed no significant correlation.
- Mean AI values differed significantly between boys (18±3°) and girls (20±4°).
- Two girls (3.7%) aged ≥6 years had a hip CEA < 15°, indicating potential dysplasia.
Conclusions:
- Girls exhibit decreased acetabular development compared to boys.
- Acetabular dysplasia incidence appears higher in Japanese children than in other populations.
- Established reference values for AI, AHI, and CEA can serve as prognostic indicators for hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis (OA).
Introduction:
We aimed to clarify childhood acetabular development and to identify the incidence of children's hip dysplasia in Japan using radiographs of the contralateral hip.
Methods:
We performed radiological cross-sectional evaluation of hip development in 211 patients (106 boys, 211 hips) in different age groups (age range: 3-9 years). We excluded patients who complained of bilateral coxalgia at the first visit or had received a diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia. We measured the acetabular index (AI), center-edge angle (CEA), and acetabular head index (AHI) in plain radiographs taken at the first visit.
Results:
A significant correlation was found between age and CEA in boys, but other parameters had no significant correlation. The mean AI values in boys and girls were 18 ± 3° and 20 ± 4° (p < 0.01), respectively, and the mean CEA values were 25 ± 5° and 24 ± 5° (p = 0.43), respectively. The mean AHI values in boys and girls were 83 ± 6% and 81 ± 7%, respectively (p < 0.01). Two of the 120 children (66 boys and 54 girls) aged ≥6 years old had a hip CEA < 15°; both were girls.
Conclusions:
We found decreased acetabular development in girls, and 4% (2/54) of girls without any history of dislocation belonged to Severin's group III. Acetabular dysplasia was observed more frequently in children from Japanese than in those from other countries. Girls with less than two standard deviations in hip dysplasia indices had an AI of 28°, an AHI of 67%, and a CEA of 14°. These reference values may be useful as prognostic indicators for hip dysplasia and OA in adulthood.
