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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Dipole Moment of a Molecule
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The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Using the Droplet Transfer Method to Reliably Prepare Giant Unilamellar Vesicles
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798

Oil-Tolerant Nonionic Worm-like Micellar Solution.

Krishna Panthi1, Himanshu Sharma1, Upali P Weerasooriya1

  • 1The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Street, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.

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|December 16, 2020
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Summary

New nonionic surfactants create stable, viscous worm-like micelles (large molecular structures) that tolerate crude oil. These oil-tolerant micellar systems show promise for enhanced oil and gas operations.

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Area of Science:

  • Surfactant chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Colloid and surface chemistry

Background:

  • Worm-like micelles are crucial in various industrial applications, including enhanced oil recovery.
  • Developing surfactant systems with enhanced stability and oil tolerance is an ongoing challenge.
  • Conventional worm-like micelle systems often degrade or lose viscosity in the presence of hydrocarbons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel class of nonionic surfactants capable of forming oil-tolerant worm-like micelles.
  • To investigate the impact of crude oil and hydrocarbons on the properties of these newly formed micellar systems.
  • To identify potential applications for these oil-tolerant surfactants in the oil and gas industry.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of new nonionic surfactants.
  • Rheological measurements to assess viscosity under varying conditions.
  • Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) for micelle imaging.
  • Dynamic light scattering (DLS) for micelle size and stability analysis.
  • Testing under diverse temperature, salinity, and hydrocarbon presence.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized nonionic surfactants formed stable, viscous worm-like micelles across a broad range of temperatures and salinities.
  • These micellar solutions exhibited remarkable viscosity retention (up to 8 vol %) in the presence of crude oils and pure hydrocarbons.
  • Conventional surfactant systems failed to demonstrate similar oil tolerance.
  • Larger alkanes and viscous crude oils had a minimal impact on viscosity and micelle structure.

Conclusions:

  • A new class of nonionic surfactants has been developed, forming robust, oil-tolerant worm-like micelles.
  • These surfactants offer a significant advantage over conventional systems in hydrocarbon-rich environments.
  • The developed systems are highly suitable for oil and gas operations, including hydraulic fracturing, conformance control, and mobility control.