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Children and diving, a guideline

Mattijn Buwalda1,2, Abraham L Querido3, Robert A van Hulst4

  • 1Medical and Educational Services, De Meent 51A, Odijk, The Netherlands.

Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine
|December 16, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric scuba diving requires careful medical evaluation due to physiological and psychological differences. Dive physicians should assess Eustachian tube function and screen for conditions like asthma, which are contraindications for recreational diving in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Diving Medicine
  • Adolescent Physiology
  • Recreational Diving Safety

Background:

  • Scuba diving is a growing recreational activity for children and adolescents.
  • Unique physiological and psychological factors in pediatric divers necessitate specific medical considerations.
  • Potential issues include immaturity, Eustachian tube dysfunction, and thermoregulation challenges.

Framework:

  • Medical evaluations for pediatric divers must address age-specific anatomical and physiological differences.
  • Key areas of focus include Eustachian tube function, mental maturity, and heat loss.
  • Recommendations are based on expert opinion from the Dutch Society of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine.

Implementation:

  • Children aspiring to scuba dive should undergo a specialized dive medical examination.
  • Particular attention should be paid to Eustachian tube function during the examination.
  • Asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and right-to-left shunts are absolute contraindications.

Implications:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is considered a relative contraindication for pediatric scuba diving.
  • This review provides current literature-based recommendations for safe recreational diving in young individuals.
  • Adherence to these guidelines ensures the safety and well-being of pediatric divers.

Keywords:
ChildrenDiving incidentsPhysiologyPsychologyRecreational divingReview article

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