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Related Concept Videos

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

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Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
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Microtubule Instability02:17

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Microtubules are hollow cylindrical filaments having a diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length that varies from 200 nm to 25 μm. GTP-bound tubulin subunits form αβ-heterodimers for microtubule assembly. These core building blocks interact longitudinally, polymerizing into protofilaments. The protofilaments then interact with one another through lateral bonding forces to form stable cylindrical microtubules. These cylindrical filaments are dynamic as they undergo repeated...
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Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs)01:42

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Microtubule function and architecture are regulated by an array of specialized proteins called microtubule-associated proteins or MAPs. These proteins are widespread across different organisms and have conserved protein motifs, like the multi-TOG domain for tubulin binding found in the CLASP family of MAPs. Some MAPs are lineage-specific based on their conserved domains. Their functions depend upon the cytoskeletal architecture and cell type they are located within. In-plant cells, a specific...
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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly. They originate from specialized multi-protein complexes known as microtubule organizing centers or MTOCs. Within the MTOC, the point of origin of the microtubule is known as the minus end, while the end radiating outward is the plus end. Microtubules serve two primary functions — the organization of spindle complexes to separate sister chromatids during mitotic or meiotic cell division and the formation...
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Destabilization of Microtubules01:45

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The destabilization of microtubules can occur during different stages of the microtubule lifecycle, such as nucleation or elongation. It can take place at either end of the microtubule or in the microtubule lattices as a whole. The lifespan of individual microtubules within a cell varies according to the cell type and stage of the cell cycle. During interphase, the lifespan of the microtubule is about 30 minutes, while during cell division, it is about 15 minutes. In axonal microtubules of...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Purification of Tubulin with Controlled Posttranslational Modifications and Isotypes from Limited Sources by Polymerization-Depolymerization Cycles
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Tubulin post-translational modifications control neuronal development and functions.

Marie-Jo Moutin1, Christophe Bosc1, Leticia Peris1

  • 1Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble, France.

Developmental Neurobiology
|December 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Tubulin post-translational modifications (PTMs) create specialized microtubule networks essential for neuronal function. These PTMs impact neuron development, plasticity, transport, and brain health, offering therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords:
neuro-diseasesneuronpost-translational modificationstubulintyrosination

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Microtubules (MTs) are vital for neuronal structure and function, including development, plasticity, and transport.
  • Neuronal MTs exhibit heterogeneity due to tubulin isotypes and post-translational modifications (PTMs).
  • Key PTMs like detyrosination, acetylation, and polyglutamylation regulate MT dynamics and neuronal processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of tubulin PTMs on microtubule dynamics.
  • To explore the role of tubulin PTMs in neuronal differentiation, plasticity, and transport.
  • To discuss the involvement of tubulin PTMs in normal and pathological brain conditions, especially neurodegeneration, and summarize therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on tubulin PTMs.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the functional consequences of PTMs on neuronal MTs.
  • Compilation of information on therapeutic approaches targeting tubulin PTMs for neuro-diseases.

Main Results:

  • Tubulin PTMs significantly influence microtubule dynamics and neuronal functions.
  • PTMs are critical regulators in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, and axonal transport.
  • Dysregulation of tubulin PTMs is implicated in neurodegenerative conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Tubulin PTMs generate functionally specialized microtubule networks crucial for specific neuronal features.
  • Modulating tubulin PTMs represents a promising therapeutic avenue for neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Understanding tubulin PTMs offers insights into neuronal complexity and disease mechanisms.