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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Tapered optical fibers (TOFs) are crucial components in various photonic applications.
    • Precise control over the waist diameter of TOFs is essential for optimizing their performance.
    • Existing methods for measuring TOF dimensions can be limited in accuracy or complexity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a novel method for accurately determining the waist diameter of tapered optical fibers.
    • To utilize modal evolution analysis via short-time Fourier transform (STFT) for precise diameter measurement.
    • To assess the impact of fabrication parameters on TOF geometry and measurement accuracy.

    Main Methods:

    • Single-mode optical fiber (SMF28) was tapered to create TOFs.
    • Short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis was applied to study modal evolution during the tapering process.
    • The cutoff moment of different modes was calculated using STFT to determine the cutoff diameter.
    • TOF deformation rate was calculated to measure the diameter near the waist.

    Main Results:

    • The waist diameter of TOFs was measured with an accuracy better than 5 nm.
    • The diameter of TOFs near the waist was measured with an accuracy of 6.1%.
    • TOFs were successfully fabricated using a non-uniform flame, demonstrating the robustness of the method.

    Conclusions:

    • STFT analysis of modal evolution provides a highly accurate method for measuring TOF waist diameter.
    • The developed technique offers a significant improvement in precision for TOF characterization.
    • This method facilitates better control over TOF fabrication for advanced photonic applications.