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4D Printing Elastic Composites for Strain-Tailored Multistable Shape Morphing.

Heng Deng, Chi Zhang, Kianoosh Sattari

¹Department of Physics and Engineering, Slippery Rock University, Slippery Rock, Pennsylvania 16057, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|December 16, 2020

Summary

This study introduces a 4D printing technique for creating multistable, shape-morphing structures. These structures offer controlled, reversible shape changes for applications in soft robotics and wearable electronics.

Keywords:

4D printing elastic composite multistable phase change shape morphing

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Robotics
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Multistable shape-morphing structures are crucial for advanced applications like soft robots and wearable electronics.
Existing methods often lack precise control over shape alteration and reversibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a 4D printing method for fabricating multistable shape-morphing structures with quantitative and reversible control.
To demonstrate the potential applications of these structures in 3D electronics and adaptive sensors.

Main Methods:

Utilized a two-nozzle 3D printer to spatially distribute phase change wax microparticles (MPs) within an elastomer matrix.
Leveraged the solid-liquid phase change of wax MPs to retain residual strain and induce anisotropic stress fields.
Programmed the spatial distribution of MPs to achieve controlled out-of-plane deformations like curling, folding, and buckling.

Main Results:

Fabricated multistable shape-morphing structures with quantitatively controllable deformations dependent on applied strains.
Demonstrated the reprogrammability of these structures through the reversible phase change of wax MPs.
Successfully applied the 3D printed structures in the assembly of 3D electronics and adaptive wearable sensors.

Conclusions:

The 4D printing method enables the creation of precisely controlled, multistable shape-morphing structures.
The developed technique offers a versatile platform for advanced applications in soft robotics, electronics, and wearable sensors.