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Global Developments in Laws on Induced Abortion: 2008-2019.
Lisa Remez1, Katherine Mayall2, Susheela Singh3
1Senior research writer, Guttmacher Institute, New York, lremez@guttmacher.org.
International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health
|December 16, 2020
Summary
Global abortion laws are liberalizing, with more countries permitting the procedure without restriction. However, access to safe abortion services remains a challenge, requiring further progress to ensure women's reproductive rights.
Area of Science:
- Global health
- Public policy
- Reproductive rights
Background:
- Restrictive abortion laws do not eliminate abortions but increase unsafe clandestine procedures.
- Periodic assessment of global abortion law changes is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the global legal status of abortion as of 2019.
- To examine changes in abortion laws and access policies from 2008 to 2019.
Main Methods:
- Categorized legal abortion criteria for 199 countries into six levels, from prohibited to unrestricted.
- Quantified additional legal grounds (rape, incest, fetal anomaly) and analyzed patterns by region and income.
- Assessed law reforms, judicial decisions, and policy changes affecting abortion access since 2008.
Main Results:
- A positive correlation was observed between a country's income and the liberality of its abortion laws.
- Between 2008 and 2019, 27 countries expanded legal abortion grounds, with 21 advancing to more liberal legality categories.
- Law reforms were driven by diverse strategies, stakeholder involvement, and adherence to international human rights norms.
Conclusions:
- The global trend shows continued liberalization of abortion laws over the last decade.
- Significant progress is still needed to ensure universal access to legal and safe abortion services for all women.
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