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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of V&#948;1+CD4+&#947;&#948; T Cells, an Extrathymic &#945;&#946;T-cell Progenitor
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Isolation and Ex Vivo Culture of Vδ1+CD4+γδ T Cells, an Extrathymic αβT-cell Progenitor

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Resolving the Instructions for αβ T Cell Development.

Sarah B Cleveland1, Eric S Huseby1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.

Immunity
|December 16, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers mapped the development of alpha-beta T cell subsets using advanced single-cell technologies. This study refines our understanding of how CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lineages develop and commit.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Understanding T cell development is crucial for immunology and immunotherapy.
  • The kinetic selection model explains T cell lineage commitment but requires refinement.
  • Specific developmental trajectories of T cell subsets remain incompletely defined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the developmental trajectories of alpha-beta T cell subsets.
  • To refine the kinetic selection model for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell lineage commitment.
  • To integrate transcriptomic and epigenomic data for a comprehensive view of T cell development.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell transcriptomics was employed in mouse and human samples.
  • Single-cell epigenomics provided insights into regulatory mechanisms.

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  • Computational analysis integrated multi-omic data to map developmental pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed developmental paths for various alpha-beta T cell subsets were identified.
    • Key regulatory events governing T cell lineage commitment were elucidated.
    • The kinetic selection model was refined based on observed developmental trajectories.

    Conclusions:

    • This study provides a high-resolution map of T cell development.
    • The findings offer a refined model for understanding T cell lineage commitment.
    • These insights have implications for immune cell-based therapies and disease understanding.