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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
Published on: November 2, 2013
Expression of APOBEC family members as regulators of endogenous retroelements and malignant transformation in
Clio P Mavragani1, Kyriakos A Kirou2, Adrianos Nezos3
1Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.; Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Objective:
To explore whether APOBEC family members are involved in the response to inappropriate expression of L1 retroelements in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as well as in SS related lymphomagenesis.
Methods:
Minor salivary glands (MSG) and kidney biopsy (KB) specimens were obtained from 41 SS patients (10 with lymphoma) and 23 patients with SLE, respectively. PBMC and sera were also collected from 73 SLE patients. Full-length L1 transcripts, members of the APOBEC and IFN family were quantitated by real time PCR. Type I IFN activity was assessed in lupus plasma by a cell assay.
Results:
APOBEC3A was increased in SS MSG, SLE KB and PBMC and correlated with L1. AID and APOBEC3G were particularly overexpressed in MSG tissues derived from SS lymphoma patients.
Conclusion:
These data reveal a previously unappreciated role of APOBEC family proteins in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmunity and SS related lymphomagenesis.
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