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The human body has a sophisticated thermoregulation system that employs negative feedback mechanisms to maintain an optimal core temperature. When the core temperature drops, peripheral and central thermoreceptors send signals to the hypothalamus, activating the heat-promoting center. This center triggers several responses aimed at increasing the core temperature. First, vasoconstriction reduces the flow of warm blood from internal organs to the skin so that the heat is not lost from the skin,...
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Prethermalization with negative specific heat.

Sayak Ray1, James R Anglin2, Amichay Vardi1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.

Physical Review. E
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Systems with negative specific heat exhibit unusual relaxation behaviors. Noncanonical steady states emerge due to adiabatic invariance, differing significantly from standard predictions, and prethermalization occurs when this invariance breaks down.

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Area of Science:

  • Statistical mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium physics

Background:

  • Systems with negative specific heat display unique thermodynamic properties.
  • Standard statistical mechanics often assumes positive specific heat, limiting applicability to certain systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate noncanonical relaxation dynamics in systems with negative specific heat.
  • To explore the formation of steady states under noncanonical conditions and their deviation from grand-canonical predictions.
  • To analyze prethermalization phenomena in parameter regimes where adiabatic invariance breaks down.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study of an aggregate of subsystems with negative specific heat.
  • Analysis of Thirring instability and its effect on subsystem energy spectra.
  • Investigation of adiabatic invariants and their role in steady-state formation.
  • Examination of prethermalization dynamics away from integrability.

Main Results:

  • The Thirring instability drives subsystems to spectral edges.
  • A single adiabatic invariant leads to structured noncanonical steady states, deviating from grand-canonical predictions.
  • Breakdown of adiabatic invariance results in prethermalization far from equilibrium.
  • An unprecedented contrast is observed between prethermal and thermal states.

Conclusions:

  • Noncanonical relaxation in systems with negative specific heat leads to unique steady states.
  • Adiabatic invariance plays a crucial role in shaping these noncanonical states.
  • Prethermalization offers a novel route to study systems far from equilibrium with distinct states.