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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the most widely used plasma source in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), also known as Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The ICP source, or torch, consists of three concentric quartz tubes with argon gas flowing through them. A spark from a Tesla coil initiates the ionization of argon, generating a high-temperature plasma.
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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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Measurement of Ion Concentration in the Unstirred Boundary Layer with Open Patch-Clamp Pipette: Implications in Control of Ion Channels by Fluid Flow
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Meter-scale conditioned hydrodynamic optical-field-ionized plasma channels.

A Picksley1, A Alejo1, R J Shalloo1

  • 1John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method to create long, low-loss plasma channels using a conditioning laser pulse. This technique significantly enhances guiding capabilities for laser pulses, paving the way for advanced applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Plasma Physics
  • Laser-Plasma Interactions
  • Waveguide Technology

Background:

  • Hydrodynamic optical-field-ionized (HOFI) plasma channels are crucial for laser-plasma applications.
  • Existing HOFI channels suffer from significant power loss and limited length.
  • Improved plasma waveguides are needed for high-intensity light-matter interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel method for generating meter-scale, low-loss plasma channels.
  • To enhance the guiding properties of plasma waveguides for laser propagation.
  • To enable advanced applications like high-energy particle acceleration.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a conditioning laser pulse to ionize the neutral gas collar around a HOFI channel.
  • Employing particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to model the ionization and guiding process.
  • Conducting proof-of-principle experiments to generate and characterize conditioned HOFI (CHOFI) waveguides.

Main Results:

  • Generation of CHOFI waveguides with axial electron densities of approximately 1x10^17 cm^-3 and a matched spot size of 26 μm.
  • Achieved power attenuation lengths of (21±3) m, over two orders of magnitude longer than conventional HOFI channels.
  • Simulations indicate meter-scale CHOFI waveguides with attenuation lengths >1 m are possible with 1.2 J/m laser pulse energy.

Conclusions:

  • The CHOFI technique effectively creates deep, low-loss plasma channels capable of guiding laser pulses over meter scales.
  • CHOFI waveguides offer significantly improved performance compared to traditional HOFI channels.
  • These advanced plasma waveguides are well-suited for applications in high-intensity laser-matter interactions and plasma accelerators.