Remote pacemaker control of chimera states in multilayer networks of neurons

Networks of coupled nonlinear oscillators allow for the formation of nontrivial partially synchronized spatiotemporal patterns, such as chimera states, in which there are coexisting coherent (synchronized) and incoherent (desynchronized) domains. These complementary domains form spontaneously, and it is impossible to predict where the synchronized group will be positioned within the network. Therefore, possible ways to control the spatial position of the coherent and incoherent groups forming the chimera states are of high current interest. In this work we investigate how to control chimera patterns in multiplex networks of FitzHugh-Nagumo neurons, and in particular we want to prove that it is possible to remotely control chimera states exploiting the multiplex structure. We introduce a pacemaker oscillator within the network: this is an oscillator that does not receive input from the rest of the network but is sending out information to its neighbors. The pacemakers can be positioned in one or both layers. Their presence breaks the spatial symmetry of the layer in which they are introduced and allows us to control the position of the incoherent domain. We demonstrate how the remote control is possible for both uni- and bidirectional coupling between the layers. Furthermore we show which are the limitations of our control mechanisms when it is generalized from single-layer to multilayer networks.