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Related Concept Videos

Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

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Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
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Deleterious Substances in Aggregate01:25

Deleterious Substances in Aggregate

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Deleterious substances in aggregates can be detrimental to the quality and durability of concrete. These substances include organic impurities like loam, which interfere with cement hydration and are usually present in the sand. These prevent a good bond between aggregate and cement paste. Organic impurities can be detected using the colorimetric test, where the darkness of a solution after agitation indicates the level of organic content.
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Microcracking in Concrete01:20

Microcracking in Concrete

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Microcracking in concrete refers to the tiny cracks that can form within the material even before any external load is applied. These microcracks typically occur at the interface between the coarse aggregate and the hydrated cement paste, often as a result of differential volume changes prompted by variations in stress-strain behavior, as well as thermal and moisture movement. Initially, these microcracks remain stable and do not grow substantially until the concrete is stressed to about 30...
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Types of Cement II01:22

Types of Cement II

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Portland blast-furnace cement is made by blending Portland cement clinker with granulated blast-furnace slag, which accounts for 25 to 65 percent of the cement's weight. Despite its similarities to ordinary Portland (Type I) cement in terms of fineness and setting times, its early strength is lower, though it achieves comparable strength later on. It's particularly suited for mass concrete structures and marine environments due to its lower heat of hydration and superior sulfate...
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Porosity in Cement Paste01:18

Porosity in Cement Paste

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The porosity of concrete is a measure of the void spaces within its structure. These spaces impact its strength and durability significantly. When water and cement interact, a chemical reaction called hydration creates a semi-solid paste. This paste includes combined water, making up approximately 23% of the cement's dry mass, and gel water, which fills minuscule voids known as gel pores, accounting for about 28% of the cement gel volume.
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Transition Zone01:28

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The transition zone in concrete is a critical area where aggregate meets cement paste, marked by a distinct porosity and weakness compared to the surrounding material. The adhesion around the aggregates is primarily due to Van Der Waals forces. The voids within this zone influence its robustness; initially, it is less durable than the surrounding bulk mortar due to larger voids. Initially, when concrete is compacted, a higher water-cement ratio near the aggregates leads to the formation of...
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Failure processes of cemented granular materials.

Yuta Yamaguchi1,2, Soumyajyoti Biswas3,4, Takahiro Hatano2

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

Physical Review. E
|December 17, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study models cohesive granular material failure using discrete element simulations. The model accurately predicts diverse failure modes like shear-banding and ductile failure across various volume fractions.

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Area of Science:

  • * Physics of granular materials
  • * Material science and mechanics
  • * Computational modeling

Background:

  • * Cohesive granular materials exhibit complex mechanics due to heterogeneous granular responses and defined material properties.
  • * Understanding the link between microscopic particle interactions and macroscopic material behavior is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To explore deformation and failure mechanisms of cohesive granular materials under uniaxial compression.
  • * To establish a connection between microscopic interactions and macroscopic material response.
  • * To develop a unified framework for understanding porous material failure.

Main Methods:

  • * Discrete element model (DEM) simulation of elastic particles connected by breakable elastic bonds.
  • * Particle and bond properties matched to experimental measurements of cohesive granular media.
  • * Bond breakage criterion based on Griffith energy balance with realistic surface energies.

Main Results:

  • * The model reproduces a wide range of experimental behaviors, including elastic and post-elastic responses.
  • * Accurate prediction of distinct failure modes: shear-banding, ductile failure, and compaction banding (anticracks).
  • * Demonstrated transitions between different failure modes based on initial volume fraction.

Conclusions:

  • * The discrete element model provides a unified framework for understanding cohesive granular material failure.
  • * The model's success in predicting diverse failure modes validates its approach.
  • * Applicable to various porous materials like sandstone, marble, snow, and foam.