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Area of Science:

  • Environmental physiology
  • Marine biology
  • Bioenergetics

Background:

  • Environmental temperature influences biological rate processes across all organizational levels.
  • The thermal sensitivity of specific physiological processes, particularly ATP pool allocation, remains poorly understood in many species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the thermal sensitivities of key physiological processes in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae.
  • To analyze how temperature affects the allocation of the ATP pool between growth, protein synthesis, respiration, and transport.

Main Methods:

  • Measured thermal sensitivities (Q10 values) for growth, survivorship, protein synthesis, respiration, and amino acid/ion transport in C. gigas larvae.
  • Developed a bioenergetic model to illustrate temperature and growth effects on ATP pool allocation.

Main Results:

  • Larval growth rate increased with temperature, but survivorship decreased.
  • Protein synthesis (Q10=2.9) showed higher thermal sensitivity than respiration (Q10=2.0), Na+/K+-ATPase activity (Q10=2.1), and glycine transport (Q10=2.4).
  • The proportion of ATP allocated to protein synthesis increased from 35% to 65% across an environmentally relevant temperature range.

Conclusions:

  • Differing thermal responses of physiological processes lead to a disproportionate increase in ATP allocation to protein synthesis at warmer temperatures.
  • Increased energy demand for protein synthesis at higher temperatures may compromise other essential physiological functions.
  • Understanding ATP demand trade-offs is crucial for predicting the adaptive capacity of organisms to environmental change.