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Entanglement on an optical atomic-clock transition.

Edwin Pedrozo-Peñafiel1, Simone Colombo1, Chi Shu1,2

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Researchers created a many-atom entangled state in an optical-lattice clock (OLC), achieving performance beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL). This breakthrough in quantum metrology enhances atomic clock stability and precision for future scientific applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Metrology
  • Atomic Physics
  • Precision Measurement

Background:

  • State-of-the-art atomic clocks, including optical-lattice clocks (OLCs), rely on precise energy difference measurements between atomic levels.
  • OLC stability is constrained by local-oscillator laser noise (Dick noise) and the standard quantum limit (SQL) from measurement quantum noise.
  • Previous efforts to surpass the SQL using entanglement were limited to less stable microwave clocks, with no experimental demonstration on optical clock transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate the generation of entanglement on an optical-lattice clock transition.
  • To operate an optical-lattice clock beyond the standard quantum limit using this entangled state.
  • To showcase the potential of entanglement for improving timekeeping precision and accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Creation of a many-atom entangled state utilizing a ytterbium-171 optical-lattice clock transition.
  • Implementation of a Ramsey sequence using the entangled atomic ensemble.
  • Measurement of Allan deviation to assess clock stability and compare performance against the SQL.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a Ramsey sequence with Allan deviation below the SQL after accounting for local-oscillator noise.
  • Achieved a metrological gain of [Formula: see text] decibels over the SQL using an ensemble of hundreds of ytterbium-171 atoms.
  • Observed a reduction in averaging time by a factor of 2.8 ± 0.3 due to entanglement, indicating enhanced clock performance.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully demonstrates the creation of a many-atom entangled state on an OLC transition, enabling operation beyond the SQL.
  • Entanglement provides a viable pathway to significantly improve the performance of state-of-the-art optical-lattice clocks.
  • This advancement holds promise for enhanced timekeeping precision and accuracy, impacting fundamental physics tests, geodesy, and gravitational-wave detection.