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Common Ground Information Affects Reference Resolution: Evidence From Behavioral Data, ERPs, and Eye-Tracking.

Maria Richter1, Mariella Paul1,2,3,4, Barbara Höhle1

  • 1Cognitive Sciences, Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding shared information (common ground) in communication is crucial. Integrating this shared knowledge during language processing incurs cognitive costs, especially when conflicting information must be suppressed.

Keywords:
ERPscommon groundeye-trackingperspective-takingprivileged ground

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Social Cognition

Background:

  • Effective communication relies on understanding others' perspectives and shared knowledge, termed common ground (CG).
  • Listeners must integrate CG information to accurately interpret a speaker's intended meaning beyond literal sentence meaning.
  • Debate exists on whether CG information is integrated early and effortlessly or late and with cognitive cost.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate when and how common ground (CG) information influences language comprehension.
  • To differentiate between early and late integration models of CG information processing.
  • To examine the cognitive costs associated with integrating CG versus privileged ground (PG) information.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a referential communication game with visual stimuli presented in either CG or PG.
  • Employed reaction time (RT) measures, accuracy data, event-related potentials (ERPs), and eye-tracking.
  • Analyzed critical trials requiring CG integration and PG suppression.

Main Results:

  • Listeners achieved high accuracy (99.8%) in integrating CG information.
  • Slower RTs and enhanced late positive ERPs indicated cognitive costs during CG integration.
  • Eye-tracking revealed early anticipation of CG referents but difficulty suppressing PG competitors, leading to delayed target processing.

Conclusions:

  • Language comprehension involves early anticipation of common ground (CG) referents.
  • Integrating CG information, especially amidst conflicting privileged ground (PG) information, is a late and effortful process.
  • Both CG and PG perspectives are integral to socially situated language processing.