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Re-evaluating Phoneme Frequencies.

Jayden L Macklin-Cordes1, Erich R Round1,2,3

  • 1School of Languages and Cultures, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Frontiers in Psychology
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Linguistic analysis reveals phoneme frequency distributions in Australian languages. Findings show a Zipf-like structure for frequent phonemes and a geometric structure for infrequent ones, aiding understanding of language evolution.

Keywords:
Australian languagesZipf's lawdistributionsmaximum likelihoodphoneme inventoriesphonologypower laws

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Phonology

Background:

  • Causal processes influence linguistic variable distributions.
  • Zipf's law, a power law, has been a historically significant distribution in linguistics.
  • Recent debates question the reliability of power-law evaluations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Re-evaluate distributions characterizing phoneme frequencies.
  • Investigate the fit of power laws and alternative distributions to phoneme frequencies.
  • Understand the causal forces shaping linguistic variables through their distributions.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed phoneme frequencies in 166 Australian languages.
  • Employed a maximum likelihood framework to infer distribution fits.
  • Compared power laws with three alternative distribution models.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed earlier findings on phoneme frequency distributions, with added nuance.
  • Identified a Zipfian-like structure for the most frequent phonemes.
  • Observed a geometric (or exponential) structure for the least frequent phonemes.

Conclusions:

  • Phonemic inventories exhibit complex frequency structures, not solely power laws.
  • These findings offer insights into causal processes driving phonemic inventory evolution.
  • The study provides a potential explanation for similar distributions across inventories with diverse phonetic content.