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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

405
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
428
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.0K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.0K
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
1.1K
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

702
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
702
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

598
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
598

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Related Experiment Video

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Induction of an Isoelectric Brain State to Investigate the Impact of Endogenous Synaptic Activity on Neuronal Excitability In Vivo
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Anesthetic considerations for awake craniotomy.

Seung Hyun Kim1, Seung Ho Choi1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Awake craniotomy is a gold standard for brain tumor resection near eloquent areas. Anesthetic techniques and patient selection are key for successful outcomes and satisfaction.

Keywords:
Awake craniotomyBrain neoplasmsConscious sedationCraniotomy

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Awake craniotomy is the gold standard for resecting brain tumors near critical brain areas.
  • Both asleep-awake-asleep and monitored anesthesia care are effective anesthetic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review anesthetic management and patient selection for awake craniotomy.
  • To highlight factors crucial for procedural success and patient satisfaction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of anesthetic techniques including asleep-awake-asleep and monitored anesthesia care.
  • Discussion of anesthetic agents like propofol, remifentanil, and dexmedetomidine.
  • Emphasis on scalp nerve block for intraoperative brain mapping.

Main Results:

  • Anesthetic approach choice depends on anesthesiologist and surgical team preference.
  • Specific agents and nerve blocks facilitate reliable intraoperative brain mapping.
  • Patient selection and perioperative support are vital.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal anesthetic management, patient selection, and psychological support are critical for safe and successful awake craniotomies.
  • These factors contribute significantly to patient satisfaction.