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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Multiplex Detection of Respiratory Viruses
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Risk and Protective Factors in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Rapid Evidence Map.

Rebecca Elmore1, Lena Schmidt1, Juleen Lam1

  • 1Sciome LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.

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|December 17, 2020
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Summary

This study used Rapid Evidence Maps (rEM) to identify COVID-19 risk factors, finding older males with comorbidities face the worst outcomes. Research gaps exist for children and vulnerable groups, highlighting a need for more studies on protective factors.

Keywords:
COVID-19disease susceptibilityliterature screeningprotective factorsrapid evidence mappingrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Information Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates understanding risk and protective factors for public health.
  • Rapid Evidence Maps (rEM) are emerging tools for systematically analyzing scientific literature.
  • This study aimed to create an rEM to inform COVID-19 outcomes across diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate a Rapid Evidence Map (rEM) of risk and protective factors for COVID-19.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and areas for future systematic reviews.
  • To inform public health strategies for protecting vulnerable sub-populations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a protocol including study goals, questions, and PECO statement.
  • Screened literature from the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) using machine learning and expert review.
  • Categorized studies by risk/protective status, susceptibility factors (Behavioral, Physiological, Demographic, Environmental), and affected sub-populations.

Main Results:

  • Screened 3,521 records from CORD-19, identifying 217 relevant studies.
  • Most studies focused on physiological (comorbidities), demographic (age, gender), and environmental (social factors) impacts.
  • Older males with comorbidities showed the poorest COVID-19 outcomes; research on children and vulnerable groups (pregnant women, minorities, refugees, healthcare workers) was limited, with few studies on protective factors.

Conclusions:

  • Rapid Evidence Map (rEM) analysis synthesized evidence on COVID-19 risk and protective factors.
  • Identified key susceptibility patterns and highlighted areas needing further research.
  • Provides a tool for understanding research gaps and prioritizing future investigations in the evolving pandemic.