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Persistent Cellular Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Gaëlle Breton1, Pilar Mendoza1, Thomas Hagglof1

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Immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection involves lasting T cell memory responses. Recovered individuals exhibit persistent, functional T cell memory and altered immune cell profiles six months post-infection, aiding rapid recall responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, necessitates understanding long-term immune responses in recovered individuals.
  • Assessing the durability and functionality of T cell memory is crucial for predicting protective immunity.

Approach:

  • Longitudinal analysis of T cell responses in 41 individuals recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Paired samples collected at approximately 1.3 and 6.1 months post-infection.
  • Measurement of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T cell responses, including polyfunctionality and immune cell alterations.

Key Points:

  • Recovered individuals demonstrate persistent, polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific memory T cell responses.
  • These memory T cells are capable of contributing to rapid recall responses upon re-exposure.
  • Enduring alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations, activation/exhaustion markers, and cell division were observed.

Conclusions:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection induces broadly reactive and highly functional memory T cell responses that persist for at least six months.
  • Recovered individuals exhibit lasting immune modifications within their CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments.