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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
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Asepsis01:28

Asepsis

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The condition of being free from disease-causing living pathogens is asepsis. Aseptic techniques include a set of standard practices to achieve asepsis. An example is the regular environmental cleaning of all parts of the healthcare facility and hand hygiene at home before preparing or eating food. Medical and surgical asepsis in healthcare practice protects patients from harmful pathogens, minimizes the risk of contamination of susceptible sites, and reduces the risk of infection transmission.
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Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

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The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

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Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Design of Cecal Ligation and Puncture and Intranasal Infection Dual Model of Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression
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Sepsis and the Microbiome: A Vicious Cycle.

William D Miller1, Robert Keskey2, John C Alverdy2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.

The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The gut microbiome significantly influences sepsis, a serious infection response. Disrupting it with antibiotics can worsen immune issues and organ damage, highlighting the need for careful antibiotic use.

Keywords:
antibioticsimmune systemmicrobiomesepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection.
  • The gut microbiome's role in modulating the host immune response during sepsis is increasingly recognized.
  • Antibiotic treatment for sepsis can disrupt the gut microbiome, potentially leading to immune dysregulation and exacerbating organ dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and sepsis.
  • To review the impact of sepsis and its treatment on gut microbiota composition and function.
  • To discuss emerging microbiota-directed interventions for sepsis management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the gut microbiome in sepsis.
  • Analysis of research on the consequences of antibiotic-induced microbiome disruption.
  • Examination of ongoing clinical trials for novel microbiome-based sepsis therapies.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in the gut microbiome are linked to organ dysfunction (lung, kidney, brain) in sepsis.
  • Microbiota-directed interventions like fecal transplants and dietary fiber show therapeutic potential.
  • Antibiotic scavengers are being developed to mitigate collateral damage to the gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • The gut microbiome is a critical factor in sepsis pathogenesis and progression.
  • Targeting the microbiome offers promising avenues for novel sepsis treatments.
  • Judicious antibiotic use, guided by antibiotic stewardship programs, is essential to preserve gut microbial health during sepsis.