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Homicide impunity in Brazil between 2006 and 2016.
Felipe Souza Nery1, Paulo Nadanovsky2
1Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana. Curso de Enfermagem. Departamento de Saúde. Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil.
Revista De Saude Publica
|December 17, 2020
Summary
Brazil faces high homicide impunity, with over 244,000 more homicides than arrests for murder between 2009-2014. While most states show high impunity, some, like São Paulo, demonstrate a positive downward trend in this critical issue.
Area of Science:
- Criminology
- Public Health
- Sociology
Background:
- Homicide impunity represents a significant challenge in Brazil, undermining the justice system and public safety.
- Understanding the trends and levels of homicide impunity is crucial for developing effective crime reduction strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the current level and temporal trends of homicide impunity in Brazil.
- To analyze variations in homicide impunity across different Brazilian states.
Main Methods:
- An ecological study was conducted, calculating homicide and general impunity indexes.
- Impunity indexes were derived by comparing homicide occurrences with arrests for murder or any crime, respectively.
- Prais-Winsten linear regression with serial autocorrelation correction was employed to assess temporal trends.
Main Results:
- Between 2009 and 2014, Brazil recorded 328,714 homicides, with a deficit of 244,175 arrests for murder by 2016.
- The national homicide impunity index decreased from 3.9 in 2006 to 3.3 in 2014, with all states exceeding an index of 1.
- Rio de Janeiro exhibited exceptionally high impunity (over 20), while São Paulo, Santa Catarina, and Distrito Federal showed the lowest indexes (below 2).
Conclusions:
- Most Brazilian states exhibit extremely high levels of homicide impunity.
- A societal shift towards combating impunity for serious violent crimes, including homicide, began between 2010 and 2012.
- São Paulo has shown a sustained positive trend since the mid-1990s, achieving impunity levels comparable to developed nations.
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