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Principles of Disease Surveillance01:26

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Disease surveillance is the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. This process integrates data dissemination to entities responsible for preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability. Surveillance systems provide crucial information for action, helping public health authorities make informed decisions to manage and prevent outbreaks, ensure public safety, optimize...
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Dengue in northeastern Brazil: a spatial and temporal perspective.

Ana Beatriz Souza Martins1, Francisco Gustavo Silveira Correia1, Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti1,2

  • 1Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública, Departamento de Saúde Comunitária, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil.

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Summary

Dengue incidence in Ceará, Brazil, decreased overall between 2001-2019. However, high-risk dengue clusters persisted in the central-west region, indicating ongoing transmission risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Spatial Analysis

Background:

  • Ceará, Brazil, experiences a high incidence of dengue.
  • Understanding temporal and spatial patterns is crucial for public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the temporal patterns and spatial distribution of dengue cases in Ceará from 2001 to 2019.
  • To identify high-risk areas and time periods for dengue outbreaks.

Main Methods:

  • Spatiotemporal ecological study using secondary data from 2001-2019.
  • Time-trend analysis with segmented log-linear regression (AAPC and APC).
  • Spatiotemporal analysis to detect dengue clusters and relative risk (RR).

Main Results:

  • 539,653 dengue cases were recorded.
  • Overall dengue incidence showed a decreasing trend (AAPC = -9.5%).
  • High-risk dengue clusters were identified in southern, eastern, and western regions during epidemic years, with the central-west region consistently showing high risk.

Conclusions:

  • Dengue incidence is decreasing in Ceará, but localized high-risk areas persist.
  • The introduction of new dengue serotypes into susceptible populations in low-risk areas could lead to explosive outbreaks.