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Cannabis and Depression.

Daniel Feingold1, Aviv Weinstein2

  • 1Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel. d.y.feingold@gmail.com.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Depression may increase cannabis use, while cannabis use does not improve depression outcomes. Research explores genetic links and the endocannabinoid system, but cannabis is not yet proven as an antidepressant.

Keywords:
Anxiety DisordersBipolar DisorderCannabisMajor Depressive DisorderMental illnessMood disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Co-occurrence of cannabis use and depression is increasingly documented.
  • Evidence suggests depression may precede or intensify cannabis use, rather than vice versa.
  • Long-term positive effects of cannabis on depression outcomes are not supported by epidemiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted association between cannabis use and depression.
  • To explore epidemiological, neurological, genetic, and pharmacological aspects of this comorbidity.
  • To assess the potential of cannabis and related systems as antidepressant treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational and epidemiological studies.
  • Examination of genetic correlation and risk alleles for cannabis dependence and major depression.
  • Analysis of preclinical evidence regarding the endocannabinoid system and depression.
  • Assessment of the efficacy of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in co-occurring disorders.

Main Results:

  • Depression is more likely to lead to increased cannabis use frequency.
  • The association between cannabis use and depression varies by sex and age group.
  • Potential genetic correlations, involving serotonin, exist between cannabis dependence and major depression.
  • Preclinical data suggests endocannabinoid system modulation may benefit depression, but clinical evidence for cannabis as an antidepressant is limited.
  • SSRIs show limited efficacy in adolescents with comorbid depression and substance use disorders.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between cannabis use and depression is complex, with depression often preceding cannabis use.
  • While genetic and endocannabinoid pathways are implicated, cannabis is not currently a recommended antidepressant.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the causal pathways and therapeutic potential, despite methodological limitations in existing studies.