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Primary Motives: Hunger and Thirst01:25

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Hunger and thirst are fundamental physiological drives crucial for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring the survival of both humans and animals. These drives are regulated through complex interactions between the brain, hormones, and sensory receptors.
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There are three types of hypothesis tests: right-tailed, left-tailed, and two-tailed.
When the null and alternative hypotheses are stated, it is observed that the null hypothesis is a neutral statement against which the alternative hypothesis is tested. The alternative hypothesis is a claim that instead has a certain direction. If the null hypothesis claims that p = 0.5, the alternative hypothesis would be an opposing statement to this and can be put either p > 0.5, p < 0.5, or p...
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The goodness–of–fit test can be used to decide whether a population fits a given distribution, but it will not suffice to decide whether two populations follow the same unknown distribution. A different test, called the test for homogeneity, can be used to conclude whether two populations have the same distribution. To calculate the test statistic for a test for homogeneity, follow the same procedure as with the test of independence. The hypotheses for the test for homogeneity can...
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Cochran's Q Test is a nonparametric statistical test used to determine if there are potential differences in the outcomes of three or more related groups on a binary (yes/no) or dichotomous outcome. It is essentially an extension of the McNemar Test, which is limited to two related samples - Cochran's Q test can handle three or more related samples, making it more versatile in scenarios where subjects are measured under multiple conditions. The test statistic follows a Chi-Square...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Studying Food Reward and Motivation in Humans
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[Hunger for testing satisfied].

Frits R Rosendaal1,2

  • 1LUMC, afd. Klinische Epidemiologie, Leiden.

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|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Factor V Leiden discovery revolutionized understanding of hereditary thrombophilia. However, widespread genetic testing for Factor V Leiden lacked medical justification, leading to unnecessary screening in many cases.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Genetics
  • Hematology
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • The discovery of Factor V Leiden significantly altered the understanding of hereditary thrombophilia.
  • Factor V Leiden's high prevalence (several percent) distinguished it from other genetic causes.
  • This discovery prompted extensive research into the multifactorial nature of thrombosis, involving genetic and environmental interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the impact of Factor V Leiden discovery on thrombosis research and clinical practice.
  • To critically evaluate the rationale behind widespread genetic testing for Factor V Leiden.
  • To assess the clinical utility of Factor V Leiden testing in specific patient populations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on Factor V Leiden and thrombosis.

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  • Analysis of the epidemiological data regarding Factor V Leiden prevalence.
  • Evaluation of the risk-benefit ratio for Factor V Leiden genetic testing in different clinical scenarios.

    • Main Results:

    • Factor V Leiden testing became the most common diagnostic genetic test globally.
    • Massive testing, particularly in young women and post-thrombotic events, lacked a strong medical rationale.
    • The absolute risk of thrombosis in young women is low, making widespread screening inefficient.
    • Factor V Leiden status does not significantly influence the recurrence risk of thrombosis.

    Conclusions:

    • The discovery of Factor V Leiden highlighted the complex interplay of factors in thrombosis.
    • The initial hype surrounding Factor V Leiden testing led to widespread, often unjustified, screening practices.
    • It took decades to recognize the limited clinical utility of Factor V Leiden testing in many common scenarios, underscoring the need for evidence-based diagnostic approaches.