Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving01:29

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving

180
Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
180
Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines01:24

Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines

382
A Y-connected synchronous generator, grounded through a neutral impedance, is designed to produce balanced internal phase voltages with only positive-sequence components. The generator's sequence networks include a source voltage that is exclusively in the positive-sequence network. The sequence components of line-to-ground voltages at the generator terminals illustrate this configuration.
Zero-sequence current induces a voltage drop across the generator's neutral impedance and other...
382
Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

396
The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
396
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

5.2K
The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
5.2K
Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models01:21

Mechanistic Models: Overview of Compartment Models

259
Mechanistic models, a category encompassing both physiological and compartmental modeling, differ from empirical models' approaches to incorporating known factors about the systems being modeled. Empirical models describe data with minimal assumptions, while mechanistic models aim to provide a robust description of available data by specifying assumptions and integrating known factors about the system. Compartmental analysis is a key example of a mechanistic model in pharmacokinetics and...
259
Planar Rigid-Body Motion01:22

Planar Rigid-Body Motion

779
Understanding the movement of a rigid body in planar motion involves recognizing that every particle within this body is traversing a path that maintains a consistent distance from a specific plane. This concept is fundamental in the study of physics and mechanical engineering, and it allows us to comprehend better how objects move in space.
Planar motion is typically divided into three distinct categories. The first is rectilinear translation, demonstrated by a subway train that moves along...
779

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pre-treatment PSQA - Do we still need to measure and what are adequate alternatives? Optimizing PSQA in radiotherapy workflows through commissioning and standardized treatment planning with class solutions.

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology·2026
Same author

Correction: Transition Care for Young People with Rare Bone and Mineral Conditions: A Scoping Review.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

A survey of practice patterns for patient-specific quality assurance on behalf of the ESTRO dosimetry & quality assurance focus group.

Physics and imaging in radiation oncology·2026
Same author

Transition Care for Young People with Rare Bone and Mineral Conditions: A Scoping Review.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

One Year After a Cyberattack: Lessons Learned and Dosimetric Analysis of Contingency Radiotherapy Plans.

International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics·2026
Same author

Clinical decision-making in rare bone diseases - A survey among members of the European Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (EPOS) and the European Reference Network on Rare Bone Diseases (ERN BOND).

Journal of children's orthopaedics·2026
Same journal

Correction to "On the shape of the radiation survival curve in tumor spheroids: The role of oxygen heterogeneity".

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Multi-view constrained semi-supervised vertebra detection for 3D ultrasound spine volume.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Accuracy of quantitative <sup>177</sup>Lu SPECT/CT imaging: A systematic review.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Physics-constrained dual-domain network for CBCT reconstruction from orthogonal X-rays in gynecologic radiotherapy.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Decomposition-based harmonization for quantitative PET imaging across scanners and radiotracers.

Medical physics·2026
Same journal

Development and evaluation of an in vivo dose-based monitoring system for electron FLASH radiation therapy.

Medical physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.0K

Robotic MLC-based plans: A study of plan complexity.

Laura Masi1, Victor Hernandez2, Jordi Saez3

  • 1Department of Medical Physics, Radiation Oncology IFCA, Florence, 50139, Italy.

Medical Physics
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complexity metrics were adapted and applied to CyberKnife (CK) plans, revealing differences between optimization systems and correlations with quality assurance. These metrics aid in evaluating CK treatment plan complexity and reducing quality assurance workload.

Keywords:
CyberKnifeMLCcomplexity metricsplan complexityquality assurance

More Related Videos

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System
10:09

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 25, 2025

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy
11:53

The Modular Design and Production of an Intelligent Robot Based on a Closed-Loop Control Strategy

Published on: October 14, 2017

12.0K
Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System
10:09

Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing CCM System

Published on: October 1, 2019

6.9K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Radiotherapy Planning

Background:

  • Complexity metrics for Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) plans are established.
  • Such analysis has not been previously performed for CyberKnife (CK) Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) plans.
  • Adapting and computing complexity indices for CK plans is crucial for understanding treatment complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform a complexity analysis of CK MLC plans by adapting existing IMRT-derived metrics.
  • To compare plan complexity between two optimization systems (sequential and VOLO).
  • To investigate correlations between plan complexity and patient-specific quality assurance (PSQA) results.

Main Methods:

  • Developed two in-house software platforms to compute six complexity metrics: Modulation Complexity Score (MCS), Edge Metric (EM), Plan Irregularity (PI), Plan Modulation (PM), Leaf Gap (LG), and Small Aperture Score (SAS10).
  • Adapted MCS and PM definitions for CK plan characteristics.
  • Compared sequential and VOLO optimization algorithms using 24 cases and analyzed 103 clinical VOLO SBRT plans from various sites (liver, prostate, pancreas, spine).
  • Analyzed inter-metric relationships using Pearson's r and correlations with Gamma Index Passing Rates (GPR) at (3%, 1 mm) and (2%, 1 mm).

Main Results:

  • Sequential plans showed higher complexity than VOLO plans (significant differences in 5/6 metrics).
  • Plan complexity varied by treatment site, increasing from liver to spine.
  • Strong negative correlations were found between MCS and PM (r = -0.97), and EM and LG (r = -0.82).
  • Moderate significant correlations were observed between most complexity metrics and GPR, except for PI.

Conclusions:

  • Complexity metrics were successfully computed and adapted for CK MLC plans, providing a novel analysis.
  • The metrics effectively differentiate optimization algorithms and characterize clinical CK plans.
  • Significant correlations with PSQA GPR suggest these metrics can help rationalize and reduce PSQA workload.
  • These findings establish a basis for future evaluations of optimization algorithms and multiplatform comparisons of CK plans.