Women and atrial fibrillation

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Sex Differences in Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing global health concern with significant individual and healthcare system burdens.
• AF is associated with increased risks of stroke, dementia, heart failure, and mortality.
• Existing research indicates potential sex-based disparities in AF prevalence and outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize recent data on sex-related differences in risks associated with atrial fibrillation.
• To explore potential reasons for observed disparities in AF outcomes between women and men.
• To evaluate current management strategies for AF in women versus men.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on sex differences in atrial fibrillation.
• Analysis of data on stroke risk, mortality, symptoms, quality of life, and treatment outcomes.
• Examination of treatment utilization patterns for rate and rhythm control strategies in women and men.

Main Results:

• Women with AF exhibit a higher risk of stroke and death compared to men.
• Women report worse symptoms, reduced quality of life, and poorer outcomes with stroke prevention and AF management.
• Current rhythm control strategies (cardioversion, ablation) are underutilized in women, who are more often treated with rate control or antiarrhythmic drugs.

Conclusions:

• Sex differences in AF risk and outcomes necessitate tailored treatment approaches for women.
• Further research is required to determine if disparities in AF treatment utilization reflect health inequities or appropriate clinical judgment.
• Ensuring equitable access to all effective AF interventions for both women and men is crucial for improving outcomes.