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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Updated: Nov 25, 2025

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases.

Yu Liu1, Amr H Sawalha2, Qianjin Lu1,3

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may trigger autoimmune responses, potentially leading to new autoimmune diseases. Patients with autoimmune conditions should adhere to treatment to prevent flares during COVID-19 infection.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, presents with diverse clinical manifestations and immune responses.
  • COVID-19 shares pathogenic mechanisms and clinical similarities with autoimmune diseases.
  • Autoantibodies, characteristic of autoimmune conditions, are found in COVID-19 patients, suggesting a link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and autoimmunity.
  • To explore the similarities in immune responses and pathogenic mechanisms between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases.
  • To review the development of autoimmune diseases post-COVID-19 and the risks for patients with pre-existing autoimmune conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the association between COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of immune responses, cross-reactivity, and pathogenic mechanisms.
  • Examination of clinical outcomes and risks in affected patient populations.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection can disturb self-tolerance and trigger autoimmune responses via cross-reactivity.
  • Autoimmune diseases, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and lupus erythematosus, have been reported after COVID-19.
  • The risk and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases are still under investigation.

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the development of autoimmunity.
  • Understanding these links is crucial for managing patients with both COVID-19 and autoimmune conditions.
  • Continued research is needed to clarify the long-term implications and optimal management strategies.