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Quarrying is the process of extracting stone from a quarry, where specialized techniques are employed to remove large blocks of stone safely and efficiently. This process can involve controlled explosions or more precision-oriented methods such as cutting and drilling.
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Stone masonry is a construction technique that uses individual stones to build structures and can be categorized into two main types: rubble and ashlar. Rubble masonry uses uneven, naturally shaped stones such as river rocks or fragments from quarries. This method often requires the mason to select and possibly shape each stone to fit the designated space, ensuring a proper build, even with irregular stone sizes and shapes. Ashlar masonry, on the other hand, employs uniformly cut stones that...
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Silicosis in the Artificial Stone Countertop Industry: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

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A Silicosis Mouse Model Established by Repeated Inhalation of Crystalline Silica Dust
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Artificial stone silicosis.

Ryan F Hoy1

  • 1School of Public Health & Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 17, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Occupational exposure to artificial stone dust is causing a rapid increase in artificial stone-associated silicosis. This severe respiratory disease requires urgent attention to worker safety and health screening.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Artificial stone, rich in crystalline silica, is widely used for kitchen benchtops.
  • Workers in small workplaces, often diagnosed in their 30s-40s, are disproportionately affected.
  • Inadequate exposure controls, like dry processing, exacerbate risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on health effects of occupational exposure to artificial stone dust.
  • To examine the global rise in artificial stone-associated silicosis.
  • To highlight unique characteristics and urgent needs related to this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and case reports.
  • Analysis of dust properties influencing toxicity (silica content, nanoparticles, metals, resins).

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  • Comparison of artificial stone silicosis with other occupational silicosis forms.

    • Main Results:

    • Artificial stone silicosis presents with shorter latency and rapid progression.
    • High-resolution CT scans often reveal ground glass opacities, missed by X-rays.
    • Increased autoimmune diseases, like scleroderma, are reported in affected workers.

    Conclusions:

    • Further evaluation of artificial stone work safety and dust control is essential.
    • Potential for widespread undiagnosed respiratory disease in the industry is a major concern.
    • Improved health screening and new treatment options for this silicosis are urgently needed.