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New causes of immunologic occupational asthma 2014-2020
1Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Chest Physician, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, 5400 boul. Gouin, Ouest, Montréal, QC, Canada H4J 1C5.
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 17, 2020
Summary
New causes of immunological occupational asthma (IOA) continue to be identified, particularly from exposure to high molecular weight agents in industries like food and pharmaceuticals. Clinicians should suspect IOA in adults with new or uncontrolled asthma.
Area of Science:
- Occupational Medicine
- Immunology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Immunological occupational asthma (IOA) is a significant workplace health concern.
- Identifying new causative agents is crucial for prevention and management.
- Recent literature has highlighted emerging respiratory sensitizers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and list new confirmed cases of IOA.
- To cover the period from mid-2014 to April 2020.
- To identify novel agents responsible for IOA.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature review.
- Inclusion of confirmed cases of IOA.
- Analysis of identified sensitizing agents and exposure settings.
Main Results:
- Several new high and low molecular weight agents identified as respiratory sensitizers.
- New causes of IOA regularly identified, especially with high molecular weight agents.
- Key industries include food (farming, pest control, processing), pharmaceuticals (antibiotics, drugs), and cosmetics (dyes, powders).
Conclusions:
- New causes of IOA are consistently emerging.
- High molecular weight agents in specific industries pose significant risks.
- Clinicians must maintain a high index of suspicion for IOA in adults with new or uncontrolled asthma.
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