B cell activating factor (BAFF): Structure, functions, autoimmunity and clinical implications in Systemic Lupus...

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Rheumatology
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• B cell activating factor (BAFF), also known as B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), is crucial for B cell survival and can support autoreactive B cells.
• BAFF overexpression is implicated in autoimmune diseases, including Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), and is influenced by genetic factors and infections.
• Emerging evidence suggests BAFF's involvement in adipogenesis, atherosclerosis, neuroinflammation, and ischemia reperfusion injury.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the growing body of evidence on immune and non-immune related BAFF expression.
• To highlight BAFF's role in the pathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).
• To discuss the therapeutic implications of BAFF inhibition in SLE.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of experimental and clinical studies on BAFF expression and function.
• Analysis of the role of BAFF in various disease settings, with a focus on SLE.
• Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic strategies targeting BAFF.

Main Results:

• BAFF is overexpressed in SLE and plays a significant role in its pathogenesis, particularly in renal involvement.
• The relationship between BAFF levels and SLE disease activity remains under investigation.
• Belimumab, a BAFF inhibitor, is the first approved biologic for SLE therapy.

Conclusions:

• BAFF is a key factor in autoimmunity and SLE pathogenesis.
• Targeting BAFF with inhibitors like belimumab represents a promising therapeutic strategy for SLE.
• Combination therapy, such as Rituximab with belimumab, is being explored for enhanced efficacy in SLE treatment.