Does Determining Tumor Markers from the Testicular Vein Enable Better Diagnosis and Prognosis?

β-HCG has been the only tumor marker evaluated in testicular vein (VT) blood until now.

To evaluate the correlation between the tumor markers β-HCG, AFP, PLAP, and LDH from the VT and peripheral blood as well as their significance in predicting tumor recurrence and tumor stage.

Patients with testicular cancer undergoing orchiectomy were studied retrospectively over a period of 20 years. Tumor stage, tumor histology, time to tumor recurrence, and tumor markers from VT and peripheral blood were analyzed. Minimal follow-up was 2 years. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Cox- and logistic regression models and Spearman rank correlation coefficients.

A total of 172 patients with an average follow-up of 9.9 years were investigated. The overall recurrence rate was 18% (seminoma patients 20.8%, nonseminoma patients 14.5%). Marker values measured from VT blood were higher than in peripheral blood and correlated strongly with the peripherally measured values. AFP obtained from peripheral blood was the only tumor marker allowing a statement on the recurrence probability. Tumor markers from VT blood showed no correlation with tumor stage.

Tumor markers from VT blood are significantly higher than in peripheral blood. Tumor markers obtained from VT blood do not provide clinical advantage in terms of assessing tumor stage and recurrence probability.