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Pre-existing COPD is associated with an increased risk of mortality and severity in COVID-19: a rapid systematic

Golam Rabbani1, Sheikh Mohammad Shariful Islam2, Muhammad Aziz Rahman3,4

  • 1Bangladesh Betar (Radio), Ministry of Information, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine
|December 18, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face over three times the risk of mortality and severe illness from COVID-19. Identifying these individuals early is crucial for timely interventions during the pandemic.

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a significant comorbidity.
  • The impact of COPD on COVID-19 outcomes requires thorough investigation.
  • Understanding risk factors for severe COVID-19 is critical for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze the association between COPD and COVID-19 mortality.
  • To assess the impact of COPD on the severity of COVID-19 illness.
  • To identify high-risk patient groups for targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across major databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus) from December 2019 to July 2020.
  • Extraction of studies reporting risk estimates (Hazard Ratio, Risk Ratio) with 95% confidence intervals.
  • Meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate pooled estimates for mortality and severity.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 patients with COPD exhibited a significantly higher risk of mortality (RR 3.18, 95% CI 2.11-4.80).
  • COPD was associated with increased COVID-19 severity (RR 3.63, 95% CI 2.48-5.31).
  • Male patients demonstrated a higher risk of mortality compared to females (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.12-1.29).

Conclusions:

  • Pre-existing COPD more than triples the risk of mortality and severe outcomes in COVID-19 patients.
  • Early identification of COPD patients is essential for implementing timely interventions.
  • This highlights the need for focused management strategies for COPD patients during pandemics.

Keywords:
COPDCOVID-19co-morbidity

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