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Cognition Test Battery Performance Is Associated with Simulated 6df Spacecraft Docking Performance.

Mathias Basner, Tyler M Moore, Emanuel Hermosillo

    Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance
    |December 18, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Astronaut cognitive performance on specific tests, like the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), directly predicts success in complex spacecraft docking simulations. This research links cognitive tests to operational capabilities, crucial for space missions.

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    Area of Science:

    • Aerospace Medicine
    • Human Factors Engineering
    • Cognitive Psychology

    Background:

    • Spaceflight introduces stressors impacting astronaut cognitive function.
    • The relationship between cognitive domain performance and complex operational tasks remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between performance on a cognitive test battery and simulated spacecraft docking.
    • To identify specific cognitive predictors of complex operational performance in a spaceflight context.

    Main Methods:

    • Thirty healthy adults performed 10 Cognition tests and a simulated 6 degrees-of-freedom (6df) spacecraft docking task.
    • Cognition test outcomes were rank-correlated with 6df docking performance.
    • Predictive models were developed using up to 12 cognitive variables, controlling for demographic and design effects.

    Main Results:

    • The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) average response time was the strongest individual predictor of 6df docking performance (r=0.550, R²=0.244).
    • Higher spatial orientation, vigilant attention, and lower impulsivity correlated with better docking performance.
    • A model with DSST response time, Abstract Matching accuracy, and conservative bias on the Fractal 2-Back test explained 30% of 6df performance variance.

    Conclusions:

    • Cognitive test performance is directly linked to complex operational tasks like spacecraft docking.
    • Specific cognitive abilities, particularly processing speed and attention, are critical for successful space operations.