Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.2K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.2K
Pain01:20

Pain

1.0K
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
1.0K
Nociception01:44

Nociception

32.4K
Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
32.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Photochemical Tungsten-Carbon Bond Cleavage in Bicyclic Tungstacyclopentanes.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Immune boosting by B.1.1.529 <b>(</b>Omicron) depends on previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2022
Same author

Central sensitisation in chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia; a case control study.

Journal of psychosomatic research·2021
Same author

Healthcare Workers Bioresource: Study outline and baseline characteristics of a prospective healthcare worker cohort to study immune protection and pathogenesis in COVID-19.

Wellcome open research·2021
Same author

Changes in peripheral and central sensitization in patients undergoing occipital nerve stimulation.

British journal of pain·2020
Same author

Peripheral nerve stimulation registry for intractable migraine headache (RELIEF): a real-life perspective on the utility of occipital nerve stimulation for chronic migraine.

Acta neurochirurgica·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing
09:16

Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing

Published on: February 16, 2017

17.3K

Conditioned pain modulation-A comprehensive review.

Shankar Ramaswamy1, Theresa Wodehouse1

  • 11St Bartholomew's Hospital, Bart's Health NHS Trust, London, EC1A 4AS, UK.

Neurophysiologie Clinique = Clinical Neurophysiology
|December 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) measures descending pain pathways, encompassing both inhibitory and facilitatory effects. Standardizing CPM methods is crucial for its use as a pain biomarker and for guiding chronic pain treatments.

Keywords:
Central sensitizationConditioned pain modulationPain modulation profilePhenotypic profilePronociceptive profile

More Related Videos

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
07:12

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

8.1K
Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
10:37

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain

Published on: April 11, 2018

9.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing
09:16

Dynamic Quantitative Sensory Testing to Characterize Central Pain Processing

Published on: February 16, 2017

17.3K
Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats
07:12

Chronic Post-Ischemia Pain Model for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Type-I in Rats

Published on: January 21, 2020

8.1K
Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain
10:37

Development of Recombinant Proteins to Treat Chronic Pain

Published on: April 11, 2018

9.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pain Research
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) reflects the net effect of descending pain pathways, including facilitatory and inhibitory influences.
  • Historically, similar phenomena were known by various terms like diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) and endogenous analgesia (EA).
  • CPM is influenced by numerous patient-related factors (age, gender, genetics, psychological state) and methodological variables (stimulus type, application).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the concept of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) as a measure of descending pain pathway activity.
  • To highlight the variability in CPM measurement and its potential as a phenotypic biomarker for pain.
  • To emphasize the need for standardized methodologies to enhance CPM's reliability in clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on conditioned pain modulation (CPM).
  • Analysis of factors influencing CPM paradigms, including patient characteristics and stimulus application.
  • Discussion of the potential of CPM as a biomarker for pain and a guide for treatment.

Main Results:

  • CPM represents a complex interplay of descending pain modulation, influenced by diverse biological and methodological factors.
  • Despite variability, CPM shows potential as a reliable indicator of an individual's pain modulation profile.
  • Consistent methodologies are needed to improve the robustness and clinical utility of CPM.

Conclusions:

  • Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a valuable, centrally mediated measure of pain modulation.
  • CPM has the potential to serve as a phenotypic biomarker for pain conditions.
  • Standardized measurement protocols are essential for advancing CPM's application in mechanism-based chronic pain treatment.