Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:28

Esophageal Perforation-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

254
Esophageal perforations manifest in various clinical forms, influenced by factors such as the perforation's cause and location (cervical, intrathoracic, or intra-abdominal), the extent of contamination, and potential injury to adjacent mediastinal structures. The timing between the perforation occurrence and treatment initiation also affects the clinical presentation.
Clinical Manifestations:
254
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

489
Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
489
Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction01:22

Esophageal Perforation-I: Introduction

257
Esophageal perforation is a severe medical condition characterized by a breach in the integrity of the esophageal wall. This breach can occur due to various factors such as trauma, medical procedures, or underlying diseases. When the esophageal wall is compromised, it allows food, fluids, and digestive juices into the chest cavity or adjacent structures, leading to potential complications and health risks.
The location of esophageal perforation can vary, occurring anywhere along the esophagus....
257
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

401
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
401
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

267
Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
267
Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

362
Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
362

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Potassium-competitive acid blockers and proton-pump inhibitors for the healing and maintenance of erosive esophagitis: a comprehensive and updated systematic review with network meta-analysis.

Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society·2026
Same author

Short-Term Daily Vonoprazan Treatment Is More Commonly Associated With Infectious Gastroenteritis Than Short-Term Daily PPI Treatment.

Neurogastroenterology and motility·2026
Same author

Lyon Consensus 2.0: what has changed for GERD diagnosis?

Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology·2026
Same author

Trends in Utilization of Surgical and Endoscopic Anti-Reflux Procedures in the United States (1995-2024).

Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society·2026
Same author

Pandemic-Related Disruptions and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance in Safety-Net Settings.

JAMA network open·2026
Same author

Timeline for reinitiation of antireflux medication post-surgical or endoscopic antireflux procedures.

Diseases of the esophagus : official journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

14.4K

Jackhammer Esophagus: Current Concepts and Dilemmas.

Sami R Achem1, Genaro Vazquez-Elizondo2, Ronnie Fass3

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL.

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
|December 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Jackhammer esophagus (JE) is a rare esophageal motility disorder causing hypercontractile peristalsis, often affecting women over 65. Its causes and optimal treatments remain largely unknown, posing a challenge for patient care.

More Related Videos

Low-Cost Single-Port LoCoSP Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy
09:04

Low-Cost Single-Port LoCoSP Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.1K
Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery
04:14

Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery

Published on: September 22, 2023

739

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 25, 2025

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function
09:40

An Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Designed to Minimize Anastomotic Complications and Optimize Conduit Function

Published on: April 17, 2020

14.4K
Low-Cost Single-Port LoCoSP Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy
09:04

Low-Cost Single-Port LoCoSP Device for a Transcervical Approach in Minimally Invasive Transhiatal Esophagectomy

Published on: September 11, 2021

3.1K
Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery
04:14

Author Spotlight: Recent Advancements in Reoperative Foregut Surgery

Published on: September 22, 2023

739

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Esophageal Motility Disorders

Background:

  • Jackhammer esophagus (JE) is a hypercontractile esophageal motility disorder.
  • Over 500 cases reported, with prevalence of 0.42%-9% in patients with esophageal motility disorders.
  • Most affected individuals are women (60.5%) with a mean age of 65.2 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Jackhammer esophagus.
  • To discuss its clinical presentation, associated conditions, and potential pathogenesis.
  • To explore current treatment strategies and their limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of reported cases and studies on Jackhammer esophagus.
  • Analysis of patient demographics, symptoms, and associated conditions.
  • Summary of therapeutic interventions and their reported efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Common symptoms include dysphagia (62.8%), reflux (40%), and chest pain (36.4%).
  • JE is associated with obesity, opioid use, lung transplantation, eosinophilic esophagitis, neoplasia, and systemic diseases.
  • Progression to achalasia observed in some patients; treatment efficacy is largely anecdotal.

Conclusions:

  • Jackhammer esophagus is a heterogeneous disorder with unknown etiology and pathogenesis.
  • Treatment is challenging due to limited understanding and anecdotal evidence of efficacy.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and establish evidence-based treatments.