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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

1.4K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
1.4K
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors01:29

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Affecting Factors

93
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is the clinical practice of measuring specific drug levels in a patient's blood or body tissues to manage and optimize therapy. TDM is crucial for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, like warfarin and phenytoin, where incorrect doses can lead to treatment failure or severe side effects. This monitoring ensures the dosage administered is within a safe and effective range. The factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring include:Patient-Specific Factors:a.
93
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification01:16

Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: Overview and Classification

124
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a clinical practice that measures specific drug levels in a patient's blood at designated intervals to ensure the drug concentration stays within a therapeutic range. This monitoring is crucial for optimizing individual dosage regimens, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing drug-related toxicity. TDM is vital for drugs with narrow therapeutic windows, significant variability in pharmacokinetics, and a clear correlation between plasma levels and...
124
Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

83
Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
83
Drug Product Stability01:16

Drug Product Stability

79
The long-term stability of drug products is critical to ensuring their quality, safety, and effectiveness over time. Stability directly influences a product's ability to maintain its intended characteristics, ensuring it performs as expected during its intended shelf life. Key attributes such as drug potency, impurities, dissolution, and other physicochemical measures of performance are tested to assess stability. These parameters indicate how well the product retains its quality over time and...
79
Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview01:26

Drug Administration and Therapy Phases: Overview

984
Drugs, the chemical agents used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing diseases, undergo a four-phase process of development: pharmaceutic, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic.
The pharmaceutical phase focuses on leveraging the physicochemical properties of the drug to design and manufacture an effective product. Variants include orally administered tablets or capsules, topical creams or ointments, and parenteral-delivery solutions or emulsions.
The pharmacokinetic phase...
984

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Related Experiment Videos

Drug induced stuttering: pharmacovigilance data.

Thierry Trenque1,2, Aurore Morel1, Agathe Trenque1

  • 1Reims University Hospitals, Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Reims, France.

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|December 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain medications like methylphenidate and topiramate are associated with stuttering. If stuttering emerges during drug treatment, a drug-induced cause should be considered.

Keywords:
Adverse eventVigibasedatadrugpharmacovigilancestuttering

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacovigilance
  • Speech and Language Pathology

Background:

  • Stuttering is a speech disorder affecting fluency, with potential iatrogenic causes.
  • Drug exposure is a potential contributing factor to stuttering development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between specific drugs and the occurrence of stuttering.
  • To analyze drug-induced stuttering using global adverse event reporting data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the World Health Organization's Vigibase database for individual case safety reports.
  • Analyzed reports for 'stutter' and 'stuttering' terms up to May 2020.
  • Employed disproportionality analysis and calculated Reporting Odds Ratios (ROR) with 95% confidence intervals.

Main Results:

  • Identified 724 notifications related to stuttering.
  • Significant associations found for methylphenidate (ROR=19.58), topiramate (ROR=12.5), olanzapine (ROR=12), and golimumab (ROR=10.2).

Conclusions:

  • Stuttering can be an adverse drug reaction, particularly with medications affecting neurotransmission.
  • Clinicians should consider drug-induced stuttering in patients presenting with this condition during treatment.