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Carolina de Oliveira Abrão1, Lissa Rodrigues Machado da Silva1, Luiz Carlos Silva Souza1,2

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Summary

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a serious brain condition caused by JC virus (JCV) reactivation. In AIDS patients, PML presents with confusion and a low CD4 count, often leading to fatal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • PML is caused by the reactivation of the John Cunningham virus (JCV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinical profile of laboratory-confirmed PML cases in patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 43 HIV-positive patients with suspected PML.
  • Confirmation of PML through JCV testing.

Main Results:

  • Five cases of PML were confirmed among 43 patients.
  • The primary clinical manifestation was mental confusion.
  • The median CD4+ T-cell count was 54 cells/mm³.

Conclusions:

  • PML is a significant concern in HIV/AIDS patients, often presenting with neurological deficits.
  • Three of the five confirmed PML cases resulted in death within 2-6 months of diagnosis.
  • JCV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neurological conditions in immunocompromised individuals.