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Related Concept Videos

The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...
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The Proteasome01:13

The Proteasome

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Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important among these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
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The Proteasome02:18

The Proteasome

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The Proteasome Structure01:17

The Proteasome Structure

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The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a well-known mechanism utilized by eukaryotic cells to remove cytoplasmic proteins that are misfolded, damaged, or no longer needed. In this pathway, the protein that needs to be eliminated undergoes a process called ubiquitination, where a chain of ubiquitin molecules is attached to the 48th lysine residue of the target protein. This ubiquitin modification helps the proteasome distinguish between a target protein and a healthy protein.
The proteasome is an...
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Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Regulated Protein Degradation02:58

Regulated Protein Degradation

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It is vital to regulate the activity of enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic proteins inside the cell. This can be achieved either through creating a balance between their rate of synthesis and degradation or regulating the intrinsic activity of the protein. Both these regulation mechanisms play an essential role in the normal functioning of cells.
Protein degradation plays two important roles in the cells. It helps to protect cells from misfolded or damaged proteins before they lead to a...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 25, 2025

Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach
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Enriching Subcellular Proteins in Leptospira Using a Triton X-114-Based Fractionation Approach

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Beyond cells: The extracellular circulating 20S proteasomes.

Vandita Dwivedi1, Karina Yaniv2, Michal Sharon1

  • 1Departments of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease
|December 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Circulating 20S proteasome (c20S) levels are elevated in various diseases, correlating with treatment success. This review explores the current understanding and knowledge gaps of the c20S proteasome system.

Keywords:
20S proteasomeBlood plasmaPathophysiologyProtein degradation

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Enrichment of Extracellular Matrix Proteins from Tissues and Digestion into Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
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Examining Proteasome Assembly with Recombinant Archaeal Proteasomes and Nondenaturing PAGE: The Case for a Combined Approach
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The 20S proteasome is a core proteolytic complex.
  • Assembled and functional 20S proteasome complexes circulate freely in plasma.
  • Elevated circulating 20S proteasome (c20S) levels are observed in various diseases, including cancers, autoimmune disorders, trauma, and sepsis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the current understanding of the circulating 20S proteasome (c20S) system.
  • To discuss the remaining gaps in knowledge regarding c20S proteasomes.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • No new experimental data were generated.

Main Results:

  • Accumulating evidence indicates the presence and function of c20S proteasomes in plasma.
  • Positive correlations exist between c20S levels and treatment efficacy/survival rates in various diseases.
  • The origin, biological role, and extracellular transport/regulation mechanisms of c20S proteasomes remain largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • The c20S proteasome system is implicated in pathophysiology across a range of diseases.
  • Further research is crucial to elucidate the enigmatic aspects of c20S proteasomes, including their origins and biological functions.
  • Understanding c20S proteasomes may offer new insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.