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Mapping cognitive brain functions at scale.

Pragathi Priyadharsini Balasubramani1, Alejandro Ojeda1, Gillian Grennan1

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Summary
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This study introduces BrainE, a mobile platform for simultaneously measuring cognitive functions and brain activity (EEG). It reveals distinct neural patterns for attention, memory, and interference, showing reliable and modifiable neuro-cognitive responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Cognition

Background:

  • Cognitive abilities like attention and memory are crucial but often studied in isolation.
  • Understanding their integrated neural mechanisms requires comprehensive, in-tandem assessment within individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a scalable mobile platform, BrainE, for simultaneous assessment of multiple cognitive functions and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings.
  • To investigate the reliability and plasticity of neuro-cognitive dynamics using the BrainE platform.

Main Methods:

  • Developed BrainE, a mobile platform for rapid, simultaneous assay of selective attention, response inhibition, working memory, and interference processing with wireless EEG.
  • Assessed 102 healthy young adults, analyzing stimulus encoding and cortical sources of EEG dynamics.
  • Conducted a two-visit study with 24 young adults to assess neuro-cognitive data reliability and plasticity to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Main Results:

  • BrainE rapidly assessed cognitive tasks, identifying common and distinct neural processes in sensory and cognitive control regions.
  • Distinct event-related synchronization (ERS) and desynchronization (ERD) patterns were observed in theta, alpha, and beta frequencies across tasks.
  • High test-retest reliability was confirmed, with neural responses showing TMS-driven modulation and sensitivity to mental health symptom self-reports.

Conclusions:

  • The BrainE platform enables rapid, scalable, and reliable assessment of integrated neuro-cognitive dynamics.
  • Findings highlight distinct neural signatures for various cognitive functions and their sensitivity to external modulation and individual differences.
  • BrainE offers a promising tool for advancing research into the complex interplay of cognitive abilities and their neural underpinnings.