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Decrease in naïve T cell production due to HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP)

Jéssica Antonia Nunes Gomes1, George Alberto da Silva Dias2, Satomi Fujihara3

  • 1Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém-Pará, Brazil.

Immunobiology
|December 18, 2020
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Summary

Human T-cell lymphocytic virus 1 (HTLV-1) infection may impair thymic function. Studies show lower TREC particles and IL-7 expression in HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) patients, indicating reduced T cell production.

Keywords:
HAM/TSPHTLV-1Thymic function

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human T-cell lymphocytic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to serious conditions like adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP).
  • HTLV-1 infection can alter immune responses, potentially affecting cytokine and T cell production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess thymic function in HAM/TSP patients and HTLV-1 healthy carriers (HCs).
  • To investigate the correlation between thymic function, age, and interleukin-7 (IL-7) gene expression in these groups.

Main Methods:

  • Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure T cell receptor rearrangement excision circle (TREC) particles and IL-7 gene expression.
  • Participants included 21 HAM/TSP patients and 12 HCs, analyzed across two age groups: ≤59 years and ≥60 years.

Main Results:

  • HAM/TSP patients exhibited significantly lower TREC particle counts and IL-7 gene expression compared to HCs.
  • A notable reduction in TREC counts was observed in HAM/TSP patients under 59 years old compared to age-matched HCs.
  • Both TREC particles and IL-7 expression showed a negative correlation with HAM/TSP development.

Conclusions:

  • The development of HAM/TSP may negatively impact thymic function.
  • Reduced TREC particle counts in HAM/TSP patients suggest impaired T cell production.
  • A concurrent decrease in IL-7 gene expression might be associated with the observed thymic dysfunction in HAM/TSP.